DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES CAMERAMAN

The cameraman is responsible for all technical aspects of shooting and recording images. A cameraman must ensure that there are no errors, do when he took the picture. He must ensure that he took a sharp image (focus), the composition of the image (framing) the right, setting the level or levels of the corresponding sound, color image corresponding to the original color (natural) and he had to get a picture (photograph) is best.

A cameraman is not only required to be able to take good pictures, but he also had to understand overview of what was needed for a television news. A cameraman new limited ability to operate the camera alone can not be categorized as a television news cameraman. Anyone can use the camera, but not everyone can be a good cameraman without first learning the basic theory.

So what theoretical foundations need to know a person before he was declared ready to be a cameraman? Professionalism a television cameraman to take pictures when his photo assessed inspected before editing the editing room. basic knowledge of image editing techniques absolutely must be known by the cameraman. Understanding the editing technique is very important for the cameraman as a basis for him to take a picture. Many journalists argue, one must learn to edit the bland first before he falls and worked as a cameraman. If the editor is given a lot of complaining about the cameraman camera image, then likely do not have the basic knowledge of the principles of taking good shots and correct.

In the editing room picture taken by the camera to be seen again, chosen and then combined by an image editor to the interrelated structure, logical, and enter equal. Hazel editing must be able to explain visually news delivered in accordance with a predetermined time duration. The cameraman must provide the required image by image editor.  What is needed is not only an image editor main image, but also drawing support, a cameraman who took the pictures so much without showing a clear relationship between the various shots, so he's really just going to give you problems with an image editor.

Basically, shooting techniques for each type of coverage is the same, both in taking pictures for a brief news, special reports, or to make a documentary. In sports coverage, for example, in a football match, the cameraman will be used more shooting technique which is a combination of wide shots, shooting wide angle and close-up shots

In a football game would be a lot of cameras taking pictures of interference (cutaway) to the coach or manager who play football, shoot into the audience, and slow motion image to image replay. Live coverage of football requires more cameras placed at strategic positions in the stadium. In addition, multiple cameras should be placed in a higher position to get a better picture.

The same technique is also needed in the range of concert music, but with the level of camera movement, - such as pan and zoom - different, depending on the music being played at the time. The cameraman will be free again when taking pictures to make a music video. You could say there are no rules that limit creativity cameraman taking pictures to make a music video. Basically the technique of shooting cameraman attempts to translate an event that might tend subjective view. But this level of subjectivity depends on the type of program conducted. For example, if the coverage is more emphasis on facts, such as accidents or natural disasters, or more emphasis on artistic value, for example in a music concert or entertainment coverage.

Sometimes a good shooting position depends on the speed of the cameramen arrived on the scene. The team's ability to quickly arrive at the location of the event is an important factor in the success of a range. Emergency barefoot events (civil emergency) such as floods, transportation accidents, fires, or crime events that can occur at any time, but usually will quickly also disappear from the news. Coverage like this do not last long because soon forgotten. However, team coverage needed to move quickly to the location to get the best picture of that event. Camera equipment must be used and the cameraman had to move quickly in taking pictures.

One of the principles in making the correct image is not allowed to leave too much empty space on the screen. This technique should be applied when taking pictures is not much to make space on the screen by using the method of composition. One of the simplest methods is called Triangulation composition, where the focus is placed on top of a triangle with the other important parts in the bottom of the triangle.

Another method, called the Golden Mean composition. This method is declared when the TV screen is divided into three parts, both horizontally and vertically, then the four points of the meeting of horizontal and vertical lines are the four points which will be the center of attention of the most powerful audience. As a general rule, the composition of the image must be in a stable position when recording images in the settlement.

Reporters and cameramen must have the technical knowledge to shoot the picture look good. Each image should give a clear message and do not allow visitors to wonder what the topic the attention of a displayed image.

THE CAMERAMAN

The cameraman is someone who operates a movie or video camera to record images on film, video, or computer storage media. A cameraman who served in the capacity in the process of making the film could be called as a camera operator, cameraman, television cameraman, videographer, or videographer, depending on the context and the technology used.

A camera operator, also called a cameraman or a camerawoman, is a professional operator of a film or video camera. In filmmaking, the leading camera operator is usually called a cinematographer, while a camera operator in a video production may be known as a television camera operator, video camera operator, or videographer, depending on the context and technology involved, usually operating a professional video camera.

The cameraman is responsible for physically operating the camera and maintaining the composition of the entire scene or shot in question. In narrative filmmaking, the cameraman will work closely with the director, stylist photography, actors and crew to make technical and creative decisions. In this arrangement, a cameraman is part of the camera crew consisting of stylists photography and one or more camera assistants.

In documentary filmmaking and news, cameraman is often called on to film the event is not recorded or recorded. The cameraman was able to work closely with the director or producer, it may not.

Cameraman important skills, including shooting horeography and preparation, knowledge and ability to choose a suitable photo lens and other equipment (dolly, crane, etc.) to take a dramatic scene. The principle of dramatic storytelling and film editing is an important skill. The cameraman asked to communicate with a brief but solid on the device where the movie could happen time and cost constraints

TYPE OF GAME

So far, we only get to play different types of games without knowing the genre of game that we play, now here cintagame.com will give you a bit of knowledge about the grouping of the following game types or genres of games that we have enjoyed:

Based on the type of platform or tool used:

1. Arcade games, which is often called a ding-dong in Indonesia, usually located in the area / special place and have a box or a machine that is specifically designed for the type of video games, many gamers feel "incoming" and "enjoy" a sense of the game itself, supported by the device, such as a gun, a special chair, motion sensors, sensor grind and steering wheel (with the transmission of course).

2. PC Games, the video games that are played using Personal Computers ..

3. Console games, namely video games are played using the console, such as the Playstation 2, Playstation 3, and Nintendo Wii ..

4. Handheld games, which are played in a special console video games that can be taken anywhere, examples of Nintendo DS and Sony PSP ..

5. Mobile games, which can be played or specifically for the mobile phone or PDA.

By genre or type of permainanya namely:

1. Shooter

Shooter is a type game played using a weapon, usually a pistol, rifle, or other long range weapons ". Usually the goal of the game is to shoot your opponent and win the mission without having to fall in battle.

Shooter in the third, namely:

• First Person Shooter (FPS)

Is a game type that uses a first-person perspective that usually we play without being able to see the characters that we play, is intended to provide gamers can have the feeling of "being there", and allows the player to focus on shooting, so we could only see his hands alone and did not see the body of the character played. Example: Syndicate and Battlefield4.

• Third Person Shooter (TPS)

is a game that is similar to FPS games of this type are also games shooting only viewpoint which is used in this game is a third person and the body of the character can be seen the whole. Example: Spec Ops The Line and Lost Planet 3.

• Massively Multiplayer Online First Person Shooter (MMOFPS)

is a game played online that combines FPS players in a virtual world where players can interact with one another. An example of this is the Point Blank MMOFPS and Cross Fire.

2. Strategy

Strategy is a type games that require players to use tactics and strategies to be keen in seeing every opportunity, the weakness of the enemy and wise in the use of existing resources to set up a unit or army to attack the enemy base in order to win the game. usually in the game Strategy, we need to find the money, gold, points, or all of which serve to to fund our troops. Games Strategy divided by 2:

• Real Time Strategy (RTS)

In games of this type, we can control the forces directly, from the search for resources, to destroy the enemy. All these battles can be seen directly.

• Turn Based Strategy (TBS)

Games of this type is that in the run game in turns, when we make decisions and move the troops, then the opponent will have to wait, and vice versa, like chess.

3. Racing

Racing is a game played by controlling a vehicle to win a race or finish line of a race, the game is usually the player can select and purchase a vehicle, dressing, etc. The engine upgrade. Example: Need For Speed and MotoGp13.

4. Arcade

Arcade games are the type games that are not focused on the story, but only played "just for fun" or to chase points / highscore. Example: Pac-man World3

5. Fighting

Fighting is a game type that essentially should be dropped, mengalahakan even kill rival opponent, whether it be with punches, kicks, combos, as well as with special moves. Example: Tekken and Mortal Kombat

6. Sports

Sports-themed game is a kind of sport. System, the rules and how the game will vary depending on the type of sport that became the theme of the game. Example: Pes14 and fifa14.

7. Vehicle Simulation

This type of game simulates the operation of several vehicles, the vehicle can be aircraft, fighter planes, trains, vehicles of war, as well as construction vehicles. Example: Train Simulator, Truck Simulator, FlightGear, Tram, Orbiter.

8. Adventure

Adventure is a game type that generally make the player have to walk around a place that has been designed in such a way, like a palace, winding cave, and a distant planet. Players navigate the area, looking for secret messages, acquire objects that have varying abilities, fighting with the enemy, and others. To make this game requires accurate planning so that it has an interesting storyline for players. Example: Tomb Raider

9. Simulation

Simulation is the type of game that gives experience or interaction as closely as possible to the original vehicle, muskipun sometimes the vehicle is still experimental or even fictional, but there is a special emphasis on detailed and realistic experience using the vehicle. Example: Gran Turismo and Flight Simulator.

10. Tycoon

Tycoon is a game that makes us as a bussinesman who will develop something Property to be developed to its market value. Example: Rooler Coaster and Ride Carnival

11. Musical

Musical is a type games that require players to press the button corresponding to the buttons on the screen accompanied by music. Example: Guitar Hero and Dance Dance Revolution.

12. Platform

Platform is a type game that requires the player directs an object through various stages or levels of the area to attack and dodge enemy to attack. Type of game is a little similar to game action, but the action is not as fast as action games. Collision detection technique is very often used in this game type. Example: Sonic The Hedgehog and Mario Bros.

13. Role Playing Game (RPG)

Role Playing Game is a game type that is often a multi-player game in which each player has a character with abilities, strengths, and weaknesses specific. The players compete with each other, interact, and fight each other. Typical graphical display for each player character coupled with a thrilling storyline will be very interesting and gives a different experience in playing. Example: Final Fantasy.

14. Action

Action is a type main features of the game with lots of actions in which the player must have a fast reaction skills to avoid enemies or avoid obstacles. Example: Metal Gear Solid and Ace Combat Assault Horizon.

15. Puzzle

Puzzle is a game that core puzzle-solving techniques, be it the Block, equating color ball, solve mathematical calculations, through a maze, to push the city into the proper place, it's all included in this type. Often this type of game is also an element in a video game adventure games and educational games. Example: Tetris, Minesweeper, Bejeweled, Sokoban and Bomberman.

16. Historic

Historic gane this type of game that is made based on the stories of the history of ancient times. Example: Total War Romeo II

17. Real Life

Real Life is a game that is made like everyday human life. Example: Harvest Moon and Farm Frenzzy 3.

18. Sandbox Game

Sandbox is the type of game that is generally intended to explore a city or a place where the characters that we use freely interact with objects around it. Maybe this game can be said like an RPG but very different Sandbox RPG games, the difference is the absence of an increase in the level of character. Example: GTA & Bully

VIDEO GAME

Video game is a game that uses the interaction with the user interface through the images generated by the video device. Video games generally provide a reward system - for example the score - which is calculated based on the level of success achieved in completing tasks in the game.

The word "video" in "video game" originally refers to a raster display device but with the more worn the term "video game", now says video games can be used to call the game on any display device. Electronic systems used to run a video game called platform example is a personal computer and console games.

FIRST VIDEO GAME CREATOR

Ralph H. Baer, born March 8, 1922, a German who lived in America since childhood. He was a television engineer, Ralph created a game on television at that time he was doing around 1966, in the company named Sanders. The invention was developed to be protoip first game console called the Brown Box, and patented in 1968. This game has been getting a lot of testing, which is still listed as the first video games and the patent is licensed by Magnavox Oddysey that make this game as a game console first in the world in 1972.

Baer also found the gun control for video games that can be played on television, this tool is also the first gun control in the world and is used in the Magnavox Oddysey.

Ralph Baer keep working at Sanders until then retired in 1987. Since 1983, Baer with his friends created some equipment in the game under the name MicroPROS Technology Solutions. Baer is also a senior member of the association of engineers lifetime IEEE.

For his contribution to the development of the world and technology, Ralph Baer was awarded the National Medal of Technology from George Bush on February 13, 2006, for his discovery that started the era of the video game industry.

Valued as the legend was awarded the Pioneer Award from the GDC, on 20 February 2008. This sighting video game console.

Here below are the types of console video games famous:

PLAYSTATION

PlayStation is a graphical game console of the 32-bit era. First produced by Sony about 1990. The PlayStation was launched in Japan on December 3, 1994, in the United States 9 September 1995 and 29 September 1995. Europe became very famous PlayStation thus forming "PlayStation Generation". Of the many PlayStation games, some well-known are: Tomb Raider, Final Fantasy, Resident Evil, Tekken, Winning Eleven, Ridge Racer, Wipeout, Gran Turismo, Crash Bandicoot, Spyro, and Metal Gear Solid series. On May 18, 2004, Sony has produced 100 million PlayStation and PSone all over the world. In March 2004, a total of 7,300 game titles already available with the accumulated amount of 949 million.

Sony has produced newer consoles and has been in the redesign, named PSone, with a smaller form factor and dynamic. PlayStation origin is often abbreviated to "PSX", the code name of the system that are not developed. When the new system which was previously named [PSX] introduced by Sony (PlayStation 2 version of the upgrade includes a DVD reader, can be installed hard drives, digital video recorder), the ability to play online, then PS2 development is done in Playstation Portable, PSP games can be played in anywhere using the UMD. PlayStation is now shortened to "PS1" or "PSone", some people still abbreviate it to "PSX".

Successor to Sony's PlayStation is a PlayStation 2, which is also compatible with its predecessor, which allows the use of PlayStation games without the need for a change. It is possible to install some important parts of the PSone into the design of the PlayStation 2, so buyers get two systems with the price of the system. As with emolator today, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation games can emulate can even change some factors to run the game better. PlayStation 2 has a special processor known as the Emotion Engine, developed by Sony.

The next generation of PlayStation is the PlayStation 3 or better known as the PS3 is expected presence in 2006. PS3 will likely be the first game console that uses gid computing technology. PS3 has been fitted hard drive that serves as data storage games, wireless controller (3-axis), card reader, WiFi, Bluetooth, Lan, HDMI and dilengkapai Blu-ray disk drive to play PS3 games and movies. Like its predecessor, the PS3 can also play games PS1 and PS2.

PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld PlayStation for a game that could carry. The PSP is available on the European market in the early summer of 2005, while in Japan has been launched, about 12 December 2004. The launch date in the United States is March 24, 2005.

XBOX

The Xbox is a sixth-generation game console made by Microsoft. The console was released on November 15, 2001 in North America, February 22, 2002 in Japan, and March 14, 2002 in Europe and Australia. Xbox is a precursor Xbox 360 and became the first console that was launched by Microsoft to the game console market. This console competes with the PlayStation 2, Dreamcast, and Nintendo GameCube. Integrated Xbox Live service that allows players to play online

Xbox Production stopped in 2006 even though his last video game, Madden NFL 09, newly released in August 2008. Support for the Xbox console warranty expired terminated on March 2, 2009. At present, all the repair console that is still within the warranty period will not be done again and defective consoles will be exchanged with the Xbox 360. the Xbox Live support for ending on April 15, 2010

Some of the famous video game consoles include Dead or Alive 3, Amped: Freestyle Snowboarding, Halo: Combat Evolved, Fuzion Frenzy, Project Gotham Racing, and Jet Set Radio Future.

Xbox 360

Xbox 360 which at the time of the development known as Xenon or Xbox 2, is the successor to the Xbox video game console of Microsoft. Microsoft officially introduced on MTV on May 12, 2005, and detailed information about the launch and game unfolded at the end of the same month in the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) famous. When released on November 22, 2005 in North America and Puerto Rico, December 2, 2005 in Europe and December 10, 2005 in Japan, Xbox 360 became the first console was launched simultaneously in three major areas. He is also the first product to the latest generation of game consoles and will compete with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo Wii. Xbox 360 is the first console that can play HD-DVD movies with the purchase of the package in advance, which will be released later. Xbox 360 is also the first console that uses a wireless stick. Xbox 360 is the mainstay of graphics and its online capabilities. Xbox Live is one of the online features offered by Microsoft as produsennya.Pada 2010 Xbox 360 offered the latest software feature called Kinect.

Wii

Wii is Nintendo's fifth video game console which is the successor to the Nintendo GameCube. The main innovation is the controller (joystick) that responds to its location in three-dimensional physical space located in front of the television. In the early stages of development, this console named Revolution.

The console was introduced in the Tokyo Game Show 2005 on September 16, 2005. The console was released in November 2006 in the US and December in Japan and some other areas, and compete with the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.

Different from the Xbox 360 and PlayStation3, Wii focuses on fun playing than the high-resolution graphic display like that of the second console. Wiimote is a unique new controller (which is equipped with a Nunchuk as an additional controller for some types of games), small size, and low price are the things that are the hallmark of this console than both rival consoles.

Wii is a new generation of game consoles with the lowest release price compared to its competitors. In Japan, the Wii was launched at a price of JP ¥ 25,000 while in the US for $ 249.99. Except in Japan, the Wii sold a package with Wii Sports, a sports games (tennis, baseball, bowling, golf, boxing) which is intended to introduce users to the style of play the latest Wii.

The Wii has a long compatibility (backward compatibility) with some old Nintendo and Sega consoles, including NES, TurboGarfx-16, SNES, Genesis, Nintendo 64 and GameCube. Compatibility with GameCube achieved by holding the slot for CDs measuring 8 cm as used GameCube, while for the other consoles this case is obtained through the services of a virtual console (Virtual Console) which is one of the features of the Wii. Through the Virtual Console, Wii users can buy and download old games and played directly in the Wii through the Wii Shop Channel.

SIMPLE TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF VIDEO CLIPS

1. Determination of the set

INDOOR
Indoor on place (café, house, building pekantoran) need a little more simple property because the property needs such as tables, chairs, cabinets, decorative lamps, books, and so on are available. Additions of property tend to complement the needs of story board.
indoor Studio
Must be able to organize, create and even building design in accordance with the requirements set storyboarded. This makes the ability of aesthetic development of art gets a big role, as a piñata artistic task should be created instead of utilizing the existing set.

OUTDOOR
Tend to take advantage of all the properties and existing natural feel and tend to be more widely adopted is the natural uniqueness of nature or the environment (on the beach, market, mountains, etc.)

2. STORY BOARD
In producing the video clip of the first things that must be drawn from the concept is STORY BOARD, because of the story board a video clip director can express his imagination through visual concept images that tell a story.
From the story board was a Klipper will be easier to concentrate on matters of a technical nature of visual, light arrangement, artistic arrangement, camera angle, or a performance artist.

3. filming equipment / PRODUCTION
The equipment required is very ditentuntukan by clips like what would contrived, it's just that there must be the main tool that should exist mainly:
CAMERA with fittings such as tripod, dolly, dolly tracks, cranes.
LIGHTING with handlebar fittings, filters, etc.

4. STRENGTHENING THE CREW
Make sure you are with the crew and cohesive team, led a director in the implementation of its production. In determining the crew there is no standard amount. It all depends on the production itself how much it requires energy.

5. TAKING PICTURES
Every picture taken of course based story board that has been made. Shot-shot for the video clip is actually no specific rules technically but in the instructions and terms that are used to keep using the general rule. Example: Close Up, Medium Shot, Cut, Cue, Running, etc. This of course is to facilitate the technical implementation of the current pre-production, production and editing.

6. EDITING
In this digital era, editing has an important role in the final process of production of a video clip. Even editing also can overcome the limitations of the tool at the time of production to obtain results in accordance with the story board.

But with great editing existing technology, as a video Klipper is still expected to be able to obtain maximum production without depending on the editing.

VIDEO CLIPS

VIDEO CLIPS is a collection of visual pieces assembled with or without certain effects and adjusted based on the knock-knock on the tune, tone, lyrics, instruments and band performances, musical groups to introduce and market the product (song) that can recognize masayarakan which subsequently bought tapes, CDs, DVDs. Provide impact for all TV stations to get revenue from advertising that bought his impressions in the form of a music program or as advertising itself, even also provide an opportunity for all creative young man either as a director or creative crew in it.

THINGS TO WATCH IN MAKING VIDEO CLIPS

SYMBOLS

No need for alignment between the image and lyrics, often there is no relationship between the two.

THE VOICEOVER

World dubbing (voiceover) is part of the art that the expression of the Audio Visual Media. Where more vocal exercise in dramatic play. This suggests that the role-play by clicking over to the medium of film language still plays an important role in berkesian. There are two techniques in the later dubbing is very helpful when lipsync, using techniques dubber dubber wet and dry.

Dubber wet technique, namely the preparation of the mouth motion animation with sound files that already exist are made in advance so that the author simply adjust the mouth movements with the existing voice.

Mechanical dry dubber is preparing mouth motion animation with sound files that have not been made, so the author must determine how long the mouth animation required.