Human desire to create an image or santiran (image) that lives and moves
as Pantara of expression (expression) them, is the embodiment of the basic form
of animation that life evolved. In general, the
animation is an activity switch, move inanimate objects; An inanimate object is
given a boost strength, spirit and emotions to be alive and moving, or simply
memorable life.
In fact, since ancient times, humans have tried to animate the motion
picture of their animals, as found by archaeologists in northern Spain Lascaux
caves, already was two hundred thousand years; They tried to capture fast
motion running animals, such as wild boar, bison or horses, described by eight
feet in different positions and stacked (Hallas and Manvell 1973: 23).
Ancient Egyptians turned their image with a sequence of images of the wrestlers who are struggling, as a wall decoration. Created around 2000 BC (Thomas 1958: 8)
Ancient Japanese painting exhibits a vibrant storyline, with deploying
scrolls, made in the Heian period (794-1192) (encyclopedia Americana volume 19,
1976). Then came toy called thaumatrope around the 19th century in Europe, in
the form of a thick sheet of cardboard discs, illustrated bird in a cage, the
left side of his right both tied a rope, when twisted by hand will give the
bird moving image santir (Laybourne 1978: 18) .
Until the 1880s, Jean Marey using a straight portrait continuous
recording of motion flying birds, human activities and other animals. A tool
which became the forerunner of the movie camera life growing up today. And in
1892, Emile Reynauld develop animated images ayng toy called praxinoscope, a
series of hundreds of animated images are rotated and projected on a mirror
into a motion of the film, a forerunner tool in cinema projector (Laybourne
1978: 23).
Both novice filmmaker theaters, coming from France, it is considered as
the initial opening of the development of the animated film technique
(Encyclopedia AmericanavoLV1,1976: 740)
Ten years later, after the film lives its rapid progress in the late 19th
century In 1908, Emile Cohl novice from France make a simple animated film in
the form of a matchstick figure. The series of pictures blabar black (black
line) made on a white sheet, photographed with film negative so that the figure
looks to be white and black background.
While in the United States Winsor McCay (see picture beside) animated
film "Gertie the Dinosaur" in 1909. Figure blabar drawn black with a
white background. Following in the years following the American animators began
to develop techniques animated films around 1913 until the early 1920s; Max Fleischer
develop "Ko Ko the Clown" and Pat Sullivan made "Felix The
Cat". The series of pictures made as simple as possible, in which the
figure is drawn blabar black or black shadow unite with basic blabar black
background or made otherwise. McCay made a movie with time calculation formula,
16 times each second motion picture.
Fleischer and Sullivan have utilized sell animation techniques, namely
transparent sheets of celluloid material (celluloid) called "cell".
Other beginners in Germany, Lotte Reineger, in 1919 developed the animated film
shadows, and Bertosch of France, in 1930 made the animated film experiments
pieces with figures derived from pieces of wood. The following figure is the
figure "Gertie The Dinosaurs", and "Felix the Cat"
George Pal start using dolls as a figure in his short animated film, in
1934 in the Netherlands. And Alexsander Ptushko of Russian dolls length
animated film "The New Gulliver" in 1935.
In 1935 Len Lye of Canada, start drawing directly on the film after
entering the renewal of the color film through the film "Color of
Box". The development of the most important animation film technique,
namely around 1930. Where appear pioneered animated film voiced by Walt Disney
of the United States, through the film "Mickey Mouse", "Donald
Duck" and "Silly Symphony" which was made during 1928 to 1940.
In 1931 Disney animated film in the first color film "Flower and
Trees". And the first length animated film made Disney cartoons in 1938,
the movie "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs".
The origin of the development of the animated film techniques that
continues to grow with the style and characteristics of each maker in various
countries in Europe, in America and spread to countries in Asia. Especially in
Japan, cartoons developed rapidly there, until the decade of this master
cartoon animation film market here with the characteristics and unique style.
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